Which factor does not influence throughput?

Throughput, which is the rate at which data is successfully transmitted over a network, is influenced by various factors related to the network's physical and logical design. The operating system of end devices does not directly play a significant role in determining throughput, as it primarily affects how the device processes data rather than the actual speed at which data can be transmitted across the network.

In contrast, the type of cable used in the network affects the medium through which data travels, influencing factors like signal integrity and maximum data transfer rates. The bandwidth of the network determines the maximum capacity for data transmission, making it a crucial factor in calculating throughput. Additionally, the number of active users can impact network performance, as more users can lead to increased traffic and potential congestion, which can reduce the effective throughput experienced by each user.

So, while the operating system may influence how well a device can manage network resources or handle errors, it does not have a direct effect on the underlying physical capabilities of a network's throughput, making it the correct answer to the question.